Relatedness – Contextualising Being and Doing in Existential Therapy

Keynote Talk, London 21 November, 2015

Authors

  • Ernesto Spinelli Author

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.65828/my9wrw30

Keywords:

Three ‘Grand Theories’, subjectivity, intersubjectivity, relatedness

Abstract

Assumptions concerning human relations and relationality abound within existential phenomenological literature. Nonetheless, significant differences exist with regard to both the status of such terms within existential thought and practice as well as to the specific meaning and interpretation to be given to them. This paper proposes to clarify matters through the consideration of three ‘Grand Theories’ each of which provides a distinct set of assertions regarding human relations derived from its focus on either individual subjectivity, intersubjectivity/subjectivity or relatedness. Following a brief discussion of each of these, the paper focuses on various analogous examples drawn from spiritual traditions, contemporary physics, the social sciences and consciousness studies in order to clarify key aspects of the third, and least well-known, ‘Grand Theory’. Further, it highlights key conclusions within this theory that resonate closely with those advocated by existential phenomenological literature. Finally, the paper argues that it is precisely this third ‘Grand Theory’ of relatedness that forms the basis for the radical ‘turn’ of existential phenomenology in general and existential therapy in particular.

Full text available
Complete access to the full archive of articles is available with SEA membership. Existing members: please log in with your membership password to view full text. Non-members can buy a single article or issue by registering an account on this website, then selecting a padlocked full text button to purchase.

References

Bohm, D. (1980). Wholeness and the Implicate Order. London: Routledge. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203995150

Bradford, G. K. (2015a). E-mail communication to all members of the World Confederation for Existential Therapy (WCET) e-mail group. Posted on 09 July, 2015

Bradford, G. K. (2015b). E-mail communication to all members of the World Confederation for Existential Therapy (WCET) e-mail group. Posted on 14 July, 2015

Christakis, N. (2016). BBC Radio Four programme "Six Degrees of Connection". First broadcast on Friday 26th February, 2016 between 11.00 - 11.30

Christakis, N. & Fowler, J. (2011). Connected: The Amazing Power of Social Networks and How They Shape Our Lives. London: HarperPress.

Cooper, M. (2015). Existential Psychotherapy and Counselling: Contributions to a Pluralistic Practice. London: Sage.

Coseru, C. (2015a). Precis of Perceiving Reality: Consciousness, Intentionality, and Cognition in Buddhist Philosophy. Journal of Consciousness Studies, 22.9-10: 9-24. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199843381.001.0001

Coseru, C. (2015b). Perception, casually efficacious particulars, and the range of phenomenological consciousness: Reply to commentaries. Journal of Consciousness Studies, 22.9-10: 55-82.

Cramer, J. G. (2016). The Quantum Handshake: Entanglement, Nonlocality and Transactions. London: Springer. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-24642-0

Crossley, N. (2002). Intersubjectivity: The Fabric of Social Becoming (Philosophy and Social Criticism Series). London: Sage. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4135/9781446250532

Cummins, F. (2014). Voice, (inter-)subjectivity, and real time recurrent interaction. Frontiers in Psychology, Article first posted on 18 July, 2014 URL =http://dx. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2014.00760

de Beauvoir, S. (1983). The Blood Of Others. Trans. Moyse, Y. and Senhouse, R. New York: Pantheon Books.

Deurzen, E. van (2015). E-mail communication to all members of the World Confederation for Existential Therapy (WCET) e-mail group. Posted on 10 July, 2015

DeYoung, P. A. (2015). Relational Psychotherapy: A Primer. London: Routledge. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315723709

DuBose, T. (2015). E-mail communication to all members of the World Confederation for Existential Therapy (WCET) e-mail group. Posted on 12 July, 2015

du Plock, S. (2009). An existential-phenomenological inquiry into the meaning of clinical supervision: What do we mean when we talk about 'existential-phenomenological supervision'? Existential Analysis, 20.2: 299-318. DOI: https://doi.org/10.65828/sgx54j84

Fox, D. R., Prilleltenski, I. & Austin, S. (2009). Critical Psychology: An Introduction. London: Sage.

Freud, S. (1961). Civilization and its discontents, in Strachey, J. (ed. & trans.) The Standard Edition of the Complete Psychological Works of Sigmund Freud, vol XXI: 64-145. London: Hogarth Press and the Institute of Psychoanalysis. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5040/9798216381136

Fuchs, T. (2015). Pathologies of intersubjectivity in autism and schizophrenia. Journal of Consciousness Studies, 22.1-2: 191-214.

Gallagher, S. (2013). The socially extended mind. Cognitive Systems Research, 25/26: 4-12. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cogsys.2013.03.008

Gergen, K. J. (2009). Relational Being: Beyond Self and Community. Oxford: Oxford University Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:osobl/9780199846269.001.0001

Gombrich, E. H. (2007). The Story Of Art. London: Phaidon Press.

Guney, Z. O. (2015). Collective affectivity as a flux of you, me, and we: Comment on Zahavi's 'You, me, and we: the sharing of emotional experience'. Journal of Consciousness Studies, 22.1-2: 102-106. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199590681.003.0015

Hills, J. (2013). Introduction to Systemic and Family Therapy: A user's guide. (Basic Texts in Counselling and Psychotherapy). Basingstoke, Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-01560-0

Hodgkinson, B. (2006). The Essence of Vedanta: The Ancient Wisdom of Indian Philosophy. London: Arcturus Publishing Ltd.

Husserl, E. (1970). The Crisis of European Sciences and Transcendental Phenomenology. Trans. Carr, D. Evanston, Ill: Northwestern University Press.

Husserl, E. (1973). Zur Phänomenologie der Intersubjektivität III. Texte aus dem Nachlass. Zweiter Teil. 1929-1935. Kern, I (ed.) Husserliana 15, Den Haag: Martinus Nijhoff. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-2476-1

Jaedicke, C. (2007). The Risk of Relatedness: Intersubjectivity Theory in Clinical Practice. Plymouth, UK: Jason Aronson.

Kall, L. F. and Zeiler, K. (2014). Bodily relational autonomy. Journal of Consciousness Studies, 21.9-10: 100-120.

Kenny, D. (2014). Dianna Kenny argues that infant intersubjectivity is primordial, not developmental. Article first posted on 10 November 2014 on the Karnacology website. URL: https://karnacology.com/2014/11/10/dianna-kenny-argues-that-infant-intersubjectivity-is-primordial-not-developmental/

Koestler, A. (1973). The Ghost In The Machine. London: Picador. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt5vjcmc.14

Lehtonen, J. (2016). Self before self: on the scenic mode of early embodied self. Journal of Consciousness Studies, 23.1-2: 214-236.

Loewenthal, D. & Samuels, A. (eds) (2014). Relational Psychotherapy, Psychoanalysis and Counselling: Appraisals and reappraisals. London: Routledge. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315774152

Munday, R. (2009). Glossary of Terms in Being and Time. Article updated and posted in March, 2009. URL = http://www.visual-memory.co.uk/b_resources/b_and_t_glossary.html

Murdoch, I. (1969/1970). On 'God' and 'Good'. The Sovereignty of Good. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.

Ott, E. (2002). Chaos in Dynamical Systems, 2nd ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511803260

Pandit, B. (1998). The Hindu Mind: Fundamentals of Hindu Religion and Philosophy for All Ages. Glen Ellyn, Ill: B&V Enterprises.

Perls, F. S. (1992). Gestalt Therapy Verbatim. Gouldsboro, ME: Gestalt Journal Press.

Praetorius, N. (2016). Editorial Introduction. Journal of Consciousness Studies, 23.1-2: 8-13.

Prendergast, J. J. & Bradford, G. K. (eds) (2007). Listening from the Heart of Silence: 2 (Nondual Wisdom & Psychotherapy). St Paul, Minnesota: Paragon House.

Ratcliffe, M. (2005). The feeling of being. Journal of Consciousness Studies, 12.8-10: 43-60.

Riggio, A. (2015). Ecology, Ethics, and the Future of Humanity (Palgrave Studies in the Future of Humanity and its Successors). Basingstoke, Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137536235

Rizzolatti, G. & Craighero, L. (2004). The mirror-neuron system. Annual Review of Neuroscience, 27.1: 169-192. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.neuro.27.070203.144230

Rolland, R. (2007). The Life Of Ramakrishna, 20th ed. Trans. Malcolm-Smith, E. F. Kolkata, India: Swami Bodhisasarananda.

Rossmanith, N. & Reddy, V. (2016). Structure and openness in the development of self in infancy. Journal of Consciousness Studies, 23.1-2: 237-257.

Saarinen, J. A. ((2014). The oceanic feeling: A case study in existential feeling. Journal of Consciousness Studies, 21.5-6: 196-217.

Sartre, J-P. (2001). Existentialism. In Priest, S. (ed.) Jean-Paul Sartre: Basic Writings. London: Routledge. 20-57 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203129647

Satne, G. & Roepstorff, A. (2015). Introduction: From interacting agents to engaging persons. Journal of Consciousness Studies, 22.1-2: 9-23.

Schmid, H. B. (2005). Wir-Intentionalität: Kritik des Ontologischen Individualismus und Rekonstruktion der Gemeinschaft. Freiburg: Karl Alber.

Schopenhauer, A. (2015). Short dialogue on the indestructibility of our true being by death. Essays of Schopenhauer. Dircks, R. (trans.). Adelaide, Australia: E-book, University of Adelaide Library. URL: https://ebooks.adelaide.edu.au/s/schopenhauer/arthur/essays/chapter7.html

Smith, Z. (2016). Windows on the will. New York Review of Books, LXIII.4:45-49.

Spinelli, E. (2015a). Practising Existential Therapy: The Relational World, 2nd ed. London: Sage. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4135/9781036235338

Spinelli, E. (2015b). E-mail communication to all members of the World Confederation for Existential Therapy (WCET) e-mail group. Posted on 07 July, 2015

Stern, D. (2000). The Interpersonal World of the Infant: A View from Psychoanalysis and Development Psychology. New York: Basic Books DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429482137

Stolorow, R. D. & Atwood, G. E. (2002). Contexts of Being: The Intersubjective Foundations of Psychological Life (Psychoanalytic Inquiry Book Series). London: Routledge.

Stone, M. (2008). The Inner Tradition of Yoga: A Guide to Yoga Philosophy for the Contemporary Practitioner. Boston, Massachusetts: Shambhala Publications. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/9780791478189-004

Strawson, G. (2016). Narrative bypassing. Journal of Consciousness Studies, 23.1-2: 125-139.

Thatcher, M. (1987). AIDS, education and the year 2000: An interview with Margaret Thacher. Woman's Own Magazine, 31 October, 1987: 8-10. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9780367199838-recw344-0

Welwood, J. (2016). Embodying your realization: psychological work in the service of spiritual development. Journal of Consciousness Studies, 23.1-2: 69-79.

Wheeler, D. (2011). Martin Heidegger. The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Zalta, E. N. (ed.). Article first posted on 12 October, 2011. URL = http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/heidegger/

Wilber, K. (1996). The Atman Project: A Transpersonal View of Human Development. Wheaton, Illinois: Quest Books.

Wilber, K. (2000). Integral Psychology: consciousness, spirit, psychology, therapy. Boston, Massachusetts: Shambhala Publications. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1525/nr.2004.8.2.125

Zahavi, D. (2015). You, me and we: The sharing of emotional experiences. Journal of Consciousness Studies, 22.1-2: 84-101.

Published

2016-07-01

Cite This Article

Relatedness – Contextualising Being and Doing in Existential Therapy: Keynote Talk, London 21 November, 2015. (2016). Existential Analysis: Journal of the Society for Existential Analysis, 27(2), 303-329. https://doi.org/10.65828/my9wrw30
Download: RIS · BibTeX

Articles by the same author(s)

Related articles

Search for similar articles ›