Ageing-Towards-Death
Phenomenology of Finitude During Old-Age
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.65828/qqyqzy82Keywords:
Old-age, ageing, death, finitude, phenomenological-existential perspectives.Abstract
This paper is based on a phenomenological investigation regarding the subjective experience of the awareness of finitude during old-age. Three elders who had already undergone the awareness of finitude were selected and Amadeo Giorgi's method was used in order to describe this lived experience and its respective acts of meaning. Results revealed the existence of nine key-constituents in its general structure of meaning. Two of them resulted from life events which originated the emergency of this particular awareness (unexpected loss of significant reference; body and temporal limits), while the other seven (memory of relational separation; anticipation; paradoxical situation; uncertainty; spiritual questioning; emotional vulnerability; change of perspective and r elatedness with existence), were key constituents that were built without being directly related to life and/or ageing contingencies. Subsequently, these findings where contextualized within a phenomenological-existential background, allowing the acknowledgement of how this respective awareness and its subjective meaning seem very much undermined by the elder's temporality, corporality, historicity and relatedness, and play in the end a fundamental role that will significantly set the way in which elders deal with their remaining time.
Complete access to the full archive of articles is available with SEA membership. Existing members: please log in with your membership password to view full text. Non-members can buy a single article or issue by registering an account on this website, then selecting a padlocked full text button to purchase.
References
Adams, M. (2006). Towards an Existential Phenomenological Model of Life Span Human Development. Existential Analysis 17.2, 261-280. DOI: https://doi.org/10.65828/85jrbm98
Baltes, P. and Baltes, M. (1990). Psychological perspectives on successful aging: The model of selective optimization with compensation. In Baltes, P.B. and Baltes, M.M. (Eds) Successful aging, (pp. 1 –34) New York: Cambridge Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511665684.003
Baltes, M., and Silverberg, S. (1995). A dinâmica dependência-autonomia no curso de vida. In Neri, A.L. (Org.), Psicologia do envelhecimento (pp. 73-110). Campinas: Papirus.
Beauvoir, S. (1990). A velhice. (4ª ed.). Rio de Janeiro: Nova Fronteira.
Binswanger, L. (1987). Mélancolie et manie. Paris: Puf.
Birren, J. (1968). Psychological aspects of aging: intellectual functioning. Gerontologist, 8, 16-19. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/8.1_part_2.16
Boss, M. (1994). Existential Foundations of Medicine and Psychology. New Jersey: Jason Aronson.
Correia, E. (2006). Uma visão fenomenológico-existencial em psicologia da saúde?! Análise Psicológica, 3 (14), 337-341 DOI: https://doi.org/10.14417/ap.173
Drول, J. (1990). Transcending death during early adulthood; symbolic immortality, death anxiety, and purpose in life." Journal of Clinical Psychology, 46, 148–60.
Ducceschi, (1970). Psicoterapia existencial. Porto Alegre: Sulina.
Eliason, G. (2000). Spirituality and counseling of the older adult. In Tomer, A. (Ed), Death attitudes and the older adult (pp241-251). Philadelphia: Brunner-Routledge. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315784489-15
Erikson, E. (1963). Childhood and Society. (2nd ed.). New York: W. Norton.
Farago, F. (2006). Compreender Kierkegaard. Petrópolis: Editora Vozes.
Fernández-Ballesteros, R. (1999). Introducción a la Gerontología Social. Madrid: Ed. Pirâmide.
Fontaine, R. (1999). Psicologia do Envelhecimento. Lisboa: Climepsi.
Fuchs, T. (2003). The phenomenology of shame, guilt and the body in body dysmorphic disorder and depression. Journal of Phenomenological Psychology, 33, (2), 223-243. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1163/15691620260622903
Giorgi, A. (1985). Phenomenology and Psychological Research. Pittsburgh, PA.: Duquesne University Press.
Giorgi, A. and Giorgi, B. (2003). The descriptive phenomenological psychological method. In Camic, P.M., Rhodes, J.E. and Yardley, L. (Eds) Qualitative Research in Psychology: Expanding Perspectives in Methodology and Design. (pp. 243–273). Washington, D.C.: American Psychological Association. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/10595-013
Giorgi, A. (2005). The phenomenological movement and research in the human sciences. Nursing Science Quarterly, 18, 75-82. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0894318404272112
Giorgi, A. and Gallegos, N. (2005). Living through some positive experiences of psychotherapy. Journal of Phenomenological Psychology, 36, 75-82. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1163/156916205774651096
Heidegger, M. (1951). El ser y el tiempo. Madrid: Ediciones F.C.E.
Hetherington, H. (2001). Aspects of finitude: (comprehension and apprehension). Existential Analysis, 12.1, 136-153. DOI: https://doi.org/10.65828/6637rn82
Husserl, E. (1994). Lições para uma fenomenologia da consciência interna do tempo. Lisboa: I.N.C.
James, W. (2002). The Varieties of Religious Experience: A Study in Human Nature. (first published in 1902). New York: Modern Library. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/10004-000
Jaspers, K. (1971). Philosophy of Existence. University of Pennsylvania Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.9783/9780812200867
Kaufman, S. (1986). The Ageless Self: Sources of Meaning in Later Life. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press.
Längle, A. (2001). Old-age from an existential-analytical perspective. Psychological Reports, 89, 211-215.
Levinas, E. (1993). Dieu, la mort et le temps. Paris: Éditions Grasset & Fasquelle.
Levinas, E. (1995). Alterité et transcendance. Paris: Éditions Grasset & Fasquelle.
Merleau-Ponty, M. (1969). Phénoménologie de la perception. Éditions Gallimard. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14375/np.9782070293377
Minkowski, E. (1992). Vers un consologie. Paris: Petit Bibliothèque Payot.
Moore, C. and Williamson, J. (2003). The universal fear of death and the cultural response. In Bryant, C.D. (Ed) Handbook of Death and Dying. (pp. 3-13). Virginia Polytechnic Institute. Blaksburg: Sage Publications. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4135/9781412914291.n1
Olievenstein, C. (2000). A arte de envelhecer. Lisboa: Notícias editorial.
Sartre, J-P. (1956). Being and Nothingness. New York: Philosophical Library. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/2182625
Taylor, R. & Ford, G. (1981). Lifestyle and Ageing. Ageing Society, 1, 329-345. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x00008941
Thompson, P. (1993). "I don´t feel old": the significance of the search for meaning in later life. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 8, 685-692. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/gps.930080811
Thorenson, C. & Harris, A. (2002). Spirituality and health: what's the evidence and what's needed? Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 24, (1), 3-13. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1207/s15324796abm2401_02
Tillich, P. (1952) The Courage To Be. London: Yale. DOI: https://doi.org/10.12987/9780300170023
Tomer, A. e Eliason, G. (1996). Toward a comprehensive model of death anxiety. Death Studies, 20, 343-365. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/07481189608252787
Tornstam, L. (1994). Gerotranscendence: a t heoretical and empirical exploration. In L. Thomas e S. (Eds), Aging and the Religious Dimension pp. 203-225. Westport: Greenwood Publishing Group. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5040/9798216186984.ch-013
Varela, F ( 1997). The specious present: a neurophenomenology of time consciousness. In Petitot, J., Varela, F.J., Roy, J.-M. and Pachoud, B. (Eds) Naturalizing Phenomenology: Issues in Contemporary Phenomenology and Cognitive Science (pp. 266-314). Stanford: Stanford University Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/9781503617421
Yalom, I.D. (1980). Life, death and anxiety. In Irvin Yalom (Ed.), Existential Psychotherapy (pp. 29-74). Basic Books.
Zahavi, D. (1994). Husserl's phenomenology of the body. Études Phénoménologiques, 19, p. 63-84. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5840/etudphen199410199


